The language
to training.

Front, apparent or outer side

Back, hidden or inner side

Behind, backwards

Front, forwards

Side, sideways

Right

Left

Upper level

Middle level

Lower level

Foot or leg

Hand

Arm

Body

Hip or waist

Knee

Head

Body movement and repositioning

Footwork and leg movement

Rotation; also rolling in training terms

Thrust; often a straight punch in training

Strike (打ち); inside (内) is a different word

Kick

Strike to the body

Hand blade; used in names of hand-blade strikes

Countering against or with a kick, depending on the form

Throw; throwing in compound names

Dropping or bringing down

Pressing, holding down or restraining

Pulling

Pushing or pressing

Raising

Reverse, opposite or reversal

Crushing or breaking down in technique names

Tightening; used in names of strangulation techniques

Posture, readiness or attitude

The person receiving the technique; often initiates the attack in a drill

The person applying the technique in partner practice

Receiving; breakfalls and rolls in training

Gripping and control work

Grasping or taking, within a technique name

Releasing the hand from a grip

Breaking or disturbing balance

Handling and movement; understood through the compound word

Variation or change

Engagement distance between practitioners

Flow or flowing movement

Foundations and basic techniques

Form or agreed movement pattern

Technique or technical skill